- Barrier Methods:
Condoms: These are physical barriers made of latex or polyurethane that prevent sperm from reaching an egg. They can also help prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Diaphragms and cervical caps: These are devices inserted into the vagina to block sperm from entering the uterus.
- Hormonal Methods:
Birth Control Pills: These are daily pills that contain hormones (usually a combination of estrogen and progestin) to inhibit ovulation.
Birth Control Patch: A small adhesive patch worn on the skin that releases hormones.
Birth Control Ring: A small, flexible ring inserted into the vagina, releasing hormones.
Birth Control Shot: An injection of progestin every three months.
Birth Control Implant: A small rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm, providing long-term contraception.
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): These are small T-shaped devices that are inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. There are hormonal and non-hormonal (copper) IUDs available.
Sterilization: Surgical procedures that permanently prevent pregnancy. For men, this is a vasectomy, which involves cutting or sealing the vas deferens. For women, it's tubal ligation, where the fallopian tubes are either cut, clipped, or blocked.
Natural Methods: These methods involve tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine when she is most fertile and avoiding sexual intercourse during those times. The effectiveness of natural methods can vary.
Emergency Contraception: Also known as the "morning-after pill," this is a form of birth control that can be taken after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. It is most effective when taken as soon as possible after the unprotected intercourse.
Fertility Awareness Methods: These methods involve tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to identify fertile and non-fertile periods. Some couples use this information to achieve or avoid pregnancy.
Withdrawal Method: Also known as "pulling out," this method involves the man withdrawing his penis from the vagina before ejaculation. It is not very effective at preventing pregnancy and does not protect against STIs.
The choice of birth control method depends on various factors, including individual preferences, health considerations, and the need for protection against sexually transmitted infections. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable method for your specific circumstances. Additionally, it's essential to use birth control consistently and correctly to maximize its effectiveness.